Umzabalazo wamabhinqa abasezifama uyinyaniso, ulukhuni yaye awunalusini futhi kuyinto enika umdla kakhulu kula maxesha entlekele yamazwe asondeleneyo nesiphithiphithi ukuthetha ngamazwi okukhalaza nokuchasa. UZwelivelile “Mandla” Mandela, ongusihlalo wekomiti yepothifoliyo yezolimo nokufuya yaseMzantsi Afrika kwezolimo nokufuya, kwiinguqu zemihlaba nakuphuhliso lwamaphandle, uthi kutsala umdla kakhulu ukwenjenjalo eMzantsi Afrika (SA) xa zininzi kangaka izinto eziqhubekayo kwanezingasahambi ngendlela.
Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenjenjalo kwimeko yamabhinqa asezifama kukudelela umzabalazo ekukudala waqhubeka njengeprojekthi yobukoloniyali, ozibonakalise ngeyona ndlela imbi phantsi kwenkqubo yocalucalulo yaye ngaphandle kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu edemokhrasi, isaqhubeka ngeendlela eziphikisana nako konke okumelwe nguMqulu weNkululeko, umGaqo wamaLungelo kunye nomGaqosiseko.
Ndivumele ukuba ndenze amagqabantshintshi okugabula izigcawu phambi kokuba ndixoxe ngokufunyaniswe lutyelelo lokubeka esweni leKomiti yePothifoliyo ejongene neeNguqu zemiHlaba noPhuhliso lwasemaPhandleni eNtshona Koloni kaJulayi 2022.
Idabi lamabhinqa sisithuba esivulekileyo apho silwela yaye siphuhlisa ngokungafihlisiyo ukulwelwa kwamalungelo kunye nesithuba esivulekileyo samabhinqa asezifama njengelungelo labo lezembali nezomgaqosiseko.
Ngamanyathelo ayimbumba afunekayo
Nakuba kunjalo, oku kunokusonjululwa ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo ayimbumba nokwala ukunikezela okanye ukusingelwa phantsi, ukukhutshelwa ecaleni okanye ukuthathwa njengesizananina somzabalazo.
Ukuba iimbono zeNtetho engoBume beSizwe yowama2022 kaMongameli Cyril Ramaphosa ezimalunga nokunokwenziwa licandelo lezolimo ziyinyaniso, azinakuyifezekisa loo mbono ngaphandle kokubeka imizabalazo yamabhinqa asezifama kwindawo ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi ngokunxulumene namalungelo ezomhlaba, ukwabiwa ngokutsha nobumnini.
Ukwenza okungeneno kunokuthathela impilo yethu ezandleni zethu kukuzenza inxalenye yabangenzi kakuhle nokungcatsha umzabalazo wezandla ezilukhuni nezinemibimbi zoodade bethu, oomama, ooanti kunye noomakhulu abaye basebenza iinkulungwane ezininzi emasimini ukususela ekuseni ukuya kutsho ngokuhlwa kungekho kuphucuka kuqaphelekayo nokubambekayo kubomi nakwindlela yokuphila yabo.
Oku asikokuphikisana noloyiso olubalulekileyo esiye salufumana kumthetho onenkqubela phambili, kwiinkqubo zokunatyiswa kwezolimo ngendlela entsha, inguqu kwezemihlaba nobumnini bawo, amalungelo abantwana nawabasebenzi kwanomvuzo ongowona mncinane wabasebenzi basezifama.
Qwalasela isikhewu esikhoyo
Ukubuqonda ubuzaza bemeko ndivumele ndibhekisele kwiinkcukachamanani zePLAAS Land Report nezeStatsSA ngokulandelelanayo ezisazisayo ukuba ama”92% omhlaba abaniniwo ingabemi baseMzantsi Afrika. Kwaba, amadoda ngabanini beehektare ezingaphezu kwama26 yezigidi lo gama amabhinqa engabanini beehektare eziyi4.8 yezigidi”.
Ngaphezulu, ingxelo yowama2020 yeStatsSA yazisa ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwabanini bomhlaba abangamabhinqa abangaphezulu kwama8000 abangabafuyi nabalimi besenzela iimfuno ezizezabo. Oku kuthelekiswa namafama angamadoda angaphaya kwama31 000 akwangabanini bomhlaba.
Inkqubo yokubeka esweni yethu ityhila iinyaniso ezibhekisele kwiinkcukachamanani nendlela eyenziwa mbi ngayo yimizabalazo yezesini neempathombi, kuqukwa ukungakwazi kufikelela kuqeqesho nophuhliso lwezakhono, izithintelo ekufumaneni imali, amava olawulo, iinkqubo zokulungiselela kunye nemingeni yezentengiso, ukungena kwiimarike neenzingo ezingokunatyiswa kwemithombo kunye nobumnini bomhlaba.
Ukuthi iliwa libheke umoya ngokubhekisele kumabhinqa asezifama kusisinciphiso. Sinako, nakuba kunjalo, ukuba singaphumli okanye sityhafe xa sijongene nezithintelo kunye nemingeni.
Ukuva ngqo amava wamabhinqa asezifama libali elihambisa amanwele nelibuhlungu ekufuneka limanyelwe yaye lisingathwe ngobunono njengoko lingundoqo kubulungisa obuyimbuyiselo eMzantsi Afrika, yaye ngaphezulu, lichaphazela ikamva lethu, ukufumaneka kokutya ngokuzinzileyo kwesizwe kunye nesabile yedemoklisi (idemokilisi) yobuhlwempu obugqubayo, indlala nokusokola sele kusihlupha.
Uqoqosho lwezolimo nokufuya lumele ngokulisuntswana lenyaniso eyambethe isizwe sethu oluzele ngamandla kunye nokunye okuyintsalela yezona zinto zimbi zexesha elidlulileyo lethu eloyikekayo.
Ukunyashwa kwamalungelo amabhinqa asezifama
Ababekiliso bethu bafumanise ukuba kukho ukunyashwa kakhulu kwamalungelo wamabhinqa asezifama. Utyelelo lwababekiliso yayingumzamo odibeneyo wesebe lezabasebenzi nengqesho kwakunye nesebe lezolimo nokufuya, iinguqu zemihlaba nophuhliso lwasemaphandleni olwaluqhutywe ngoJulayi 2022.
Ezinye izikhalazo eziphambili zinxulumene nokulandelayo:
- Umthetho odlulelwe lixesha;
- Ukungabi nasakhono kukarhulumente ingakumbi koomasipala;
- Imiba ebhekisele kwintsebenziswano nabathathinxaxheba;
- Ukungabi nalwazi ngeenkcukacha zikarhulumente neenkqubo zongenelelo ngoncedo;
- Ukungakwazi kungena okubonakalayo kwamaziko karhulumente ecandelo lezolimo okanye ukuvelana nemiba yezabasebenzi basezifama;
- Ukungakwazi kufikelela kwizibonelelo ezisisiseko ezinjengamanzi nombane;
- Ilungelo lobuninimhlaba nembandezelo yokugxothwa okungekho semthethweni kwiindawo abantu abahlala kuzo;
- Ukunyashwa kwemiqathango yezengqesho, ukugxothwa ngokungafanelekanga nomenzakalo emsebenzini; yaye
- Umxholo othe rhoqo yayiyintswelangqesho emva kwembali yokuxelenga ende yabasebenzi abathile abasebenze ama20 ukuya kuma40 eminyaka kwakunye nomakhulu owayesebenza ehlala efama iminyaka ekufutshane kwengama50.
Ukuxhaphaka kokugxothwa kwindawo abantu ababehlala kuzo, nokunqabikho kweenkonzo ezisisiseko
Kwenye ifama sadibana nowasetyhini, onguIda Plaatjies, obekade ehlala kwindlu ethile phantsi kwabanye abaninimzi kwiminyaka edlulileyo kodwa engazange wafumana manzi nambane kwiminyaka engama29 edlulileyo.
Kwakule fama inye, owasetyhini onguSophia Julies, obekade esebenza ehlala apho ukususela ngowe1975, waye wagula akakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza efama. Wavalelwa ngaphandle emva koko wagxothwa endlwini yakhe.
Kwenye ifama, saxelelwa ngabantu ababhinqileyo neentsapho zabo ababekade behlala efama iminyaka engaphezu kwelishumi. Umnini wefama omtsha ubaphatha kakubi yaye uyababetha atsale imali yerenti kumntu ngamnye kumzi yaye umntwana ngamnye kufuneka ahlawule. Aba bantu kufuneka bafumane amanzi okusela abo kwindawo eye isuleleke xa kuthsithsizwa ngezibulalazinambuzane.
Ukunyashwa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko
Sivile ngezehlo ezininzi zokunyashwa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko yaye safumana umothuko ziimeko apho siva ngeyelenqe eliphakathi kwamafama nabeenkonzo zesipolisa zaseMzantsi Afrika ababesamkela ukunyotywa ukuba bagxothe ngokungekho semthethweni iintsapho.
Lo gama bebaninzi abemi baseMzantsi Afrika abakwicandelo lezolimo abayamkeleyo imfuneko yokutshintsha amava abantu abasezifama nabantu ababhinqileyo njengeqaqobana elimele abaninzi abasezifama, kukho abathile phakathi kwamafama abangoozwilakhe kunye nabaninizifama abenza ngokuchasene nomthetho, ngokunxamnye nezona mfuno zibhetele zabo kunye neemfuno zabasebenzi basezifama kwanezabahlali basezifama.
Isebe lixoxa la matyala yaye eminye imiba sele ibhekiselwe kwiKomishini yamaLungelo oluNtu yaseMzantsi Afrika (SAHRC) kunye nabanye oogunyaziwe abachaphazelekayo.
Ukuzibandakanya kakhulu nothathonxaxheba lwabanebango kuyafuneka
Kufuneka kwakhona siqinisekise ukuba kukho ukuphendula okukhulu kukarhulumente kwimiba ejamelene nabasebenzi basezifama, kubahlali basezifama kunye nabantu ababhinqileyo abasezifama ngakumbi.
Kumaxesha amaninzi kakhulu siva ngezithembiso ezazenziwe, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kungaphindi kuvakale nto emalunga noko emva koko, okanye umba wokuba abamangali bahlangene nezithintelo zezobugcisa ezinjengokubhala phantsi, iinkqubo ezingumlembelele okanye iinkqubo ezayekiswayo ngaphandle kokwaziswa kwabanebango malunga noko. Oku akuxoleleki kwidemokhrasi esekelwe ekuphenduleni ngokwenzayo nakwinkqubo yothathonxaxheba.
Ndishicilelwe phantsi njengochaza ukuba uMthetho wokuBuyekezwa koMhlaba oquka kuphela amabango asemva kowe19 Juni 1913, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokutsha kuba oko kufana nokuyikhanyela iprojekthi yobukoloniyali eyaye yohlutha abantu umhlaba phambi kokuba umthetho uphunyezwe.
Oku kubalukekile kubo bonke ababephulukene nomhlaba phambi kowe1913 kuqukwa amabango namalungelo wabenzi bamabango abasisizwe bokuqala kunye neenkokeli zemveli ezazizibandakanya kwiimfazwe ezazichasene nokurhwaphilizwa komhlaba ngamakoloniyali abamhlaba wabo waye wabiwa ukususela ekufikeni kwamasetlane okuqala.
Ungxamiseko lwenkqubo yeenguqu kwezemihlaba
Ndifuna kwakhona ukubhekisa kwiPhaneli yeeNgcebiso eYodwa kaMongameli kwezoLimo neNguqu kwezeMihlaba yowe2019 nokukukhumbuza ngamazwi adakumbisayo walowo [ngaphambili] wayengusihlalo, uGqr Vuyokazi Mahlati esithi: “Mongameli oBekekileyo, umyalezo oqulethwe yile Ngxelo icace gca ngulo: ungxamiseko nobaluleko ngokomGaqosiseko weenguqu kwezemihlaba eMzantsi Afrika ayisokuze ibe nokuthathwa lula kungenjalo ihlehliswe. Abantu bakuvakalisile ukuphelelwa ngumonde kwabo yaye nokungalingani kusisoyikiso kuxolo nozinzo kwilizwe lethu.”
Iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zovukelo lwabasebenzi basezifama lowama2012 eDe Doorns nokungaphumeleli koqhushululu lwangoJulayi 2021 kusikhumbuza ukuba la asingomazwi angaqhelekanga.
Iingxelo ezothusayo zotyelelo lwababekiliso bethu zazingqinelana zaza zaphindwa zachazwa kwakhona kwingxelo eshwankathelweyo yeeKomiti zePothifoliyo zeeNguqu kwezoLimo noPhuhliso lwamaPhandle kunye nezeNgqesho ngowesi2 Septemba 2022.
I-SAHRC yacacisa ngaphezulu yathi: “Ukungathotyelwa okwandileyo koMthetho ongoLongezelelo loKhuselo lweLungelo loBuninimhlaba (the Extension of Security of Tenure Act) (ESTA)), ukungabi nalwazi ngendlela ephazamisayo malunga ne-ESTA ngabo bonke abathathinxaxheba, ukungathotyelwa kwemiqathango yezomthetho ye-ESTA kwezinye iinkqubo zokuthethwa kwamatyala enkundla (okwakhokelela ekubeni kugxothweni kwabasebenzi basezifama ngokomthetho owenza amavandlakanya ngamatyala), amanani aphezulu okugxothwa kwabasebenzi basezifama ngenxa yokutshintshwa kobuninifama nokusilela koMbuso ukuqeqesha ngokufanelekileyo amagosa awo ukuphumeza umthetho kukhokelele kwiqondo eliphezulu lokugxothwa ngokungekho semthethweni kwabasebenzi basezifama.”
Ukuqhubela phambili ngento ekufuneka kwenziwe
Ndicinga ukuba sinentshatsheli enkulu yabantu ababhinqileyo basezifama kuMphathiswa onguThoko Didiza. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka intsebenziswano enkulu nothathonxaxheba lwabanebango ukuqhubela phambili ngento ekufuneka yenziwe.
Kwingxelo yakhe kwipalamente wachaza ukuba “kwiihektare zomhlaba ezingama700 000 ezinikezelwe ngumbuso, ngama53 000 weehektare, alingana neefama ezingama78, ezanikezelwa kubaxhamli abangabantu ababhinqileyo abangama217. ” Kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba [abantu ababhinqileyo] bathethana naye ngokumalunga nesithembiso sakhe “sokuqhubela phambili ukukhulisa la manani kuba abantu ababhinqileyo basisiseko sokomelezwa kweenkqubo zokufumaneka kokutya ngokwakwinqanaba lasekuhlaleni. “
Kwintetho yakho yangoSuku lwaBantu abaBhinqileyo ngowe1996, owayesakuba nguMongameli uNelson Rolihlahla Mandela, utata ogumseki wedemokhrasi yethu uyasikhumbuza ukuba “nihlanganisene ukubethelela ubulumko nokukwazi ukubona izinto zisekude zabo babhengeza ukuba: ‘Wathint’ abafazi, wathint’ imbokodo; uzokufa!'”
Ngoku luxanduva oluhlanganyeleneyo ukulwela amalungelo abafazi abasezifama ngalo moya ngaphandle kokoyika okanye kukhetha cala.
UZwelivelile “Mandla” Mandela, ongusihlalo wekomiti yepothifoliyo yaseMzantsi Afrika kwezolimo, iinguqu kwezemihlaba nophuhliso lwamaphandle. Iingcinga neembono ezivakaliswe kweli nqaku zezombhali yaye azibonakalisi enyanisweni zimbono okanye zimvo zeFood For Mzansi.
KWAKHONA FUNDA MALUNGA NOKULANDELAYO: Izinto ezixhaphakileyo omawuzijonge kwezolimo ngowama2023
Tyikityela ukufumana uMzansi Namhlanje (Mzansi Today): Iimbono zakho ngeendaba nokwenzekayo kwisixokelelwano sexabiso lokuziswa kweziveliso zolimo kubathengi.
