Onesidanga iPhD soqoqosho kwezolimo nezemfuyo, uVictor Mmbengwa uyinto yonke kodwa akayiyo injingalwazi yaseyunivesithi yesiqhelo. Njengomfama onamava, uyabuqonda ubucukubhede bophuhliso lwezolimo nezemfuyo ukodlula naye nabani na woogxa bakhe abaninzi.
Yaye, njengesininzi sabavelisi, uyakhawuleza ukukukhumbuza ukuba kudingeka ukuba ube nesibindi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuba ngumfama. Nkqu nanjengomphandi, kuye kwafuneka ukuba abe nobuchule bokuya phambili kungakhathaliseki bukho bemililo yamadlelo nobusela obenzeka efama obusisoyikiso esimtheza amandla intshisakalo yakhe.
“Asizange siphelelwe lithemba,” uMmbengwa uxelela iFood For Mzansi malunga neshishini lezolimo nezemfuyo eliseRandfontein, kwintshona yeRhawuti (Johannesburg). Wathenga iploti yomhlaba ngowama2006 ukuqalisa umsebenzi wokufuya nezolimo ngokuthi afuye iinkuku zenyama nokulima imifuno emininzi.
“Kwimveliso yethu yeenkuku zenyama, abo bakhuphisana nathi babedla ngokulithoba ixabiso ukujika ingqwalaselo yabathengi abaninzi ukuba bajonge kwiifama zabo,” uyasikhumbuza. “Le mingeni yenza ishishini lokuba ngumfama uthambele macala onke yaye [thina] kwanyanzeleka ukuba sitshintshe iindlela zokwenza izinto. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukulungelana nemingeni kusingenise kwindleko kakhulu.”
Kwakhona kunyanzelise ukuba umphandi weYunivesithi yaseMntla-Ntshona nekomiti yakhe benze izigqibo ezinzima ngokusekelwe kwiinyaniso ncam ingekuko nje ukuhamba ngovakalelo oluthi qatha kuqala.
“Safudusa isiveliso seenkuku zenyama sazisa kumacandelo ezokubekwa kwamaqanda ngenxa yeziphumo zophando lwemalike yethu. Sisasebenzisa inkqubo yezolimo nezemfuyo exubeneyo apho satyala khona ibhatata embala uorenji neesugar beans,” uyacacisa.
Ngaphandle koku, uMmbengwa kwakhona ngumfuyi weenkomo neegusha.
Ukuhlanganisa amava eendawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo
Ukulungelelanisa ezokuba yingqondi nezolimo nezemfuyo kwakusoloko kuyinto enzima, uyavuma. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi weshishini uqhubeka ngaphandle kwamagingxigingxi, wenze utyalomali ekugqithiseleni izakhono eziphathekayo kwakunye nobungcali kwezobuxhakaxhaka bekhompyutha kubaqeshwa. “Sinabaphathi bamacandelo bokwenza imisebenzi ethile. Abaphathi bathatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo yaye bayavumeleka ukuba benze iimpazamo ezingephi.”
Iiyure zokusebenza ezingaqingqwanga kwakhona zibe yintsikelelo efihlakeleyo, emnika ixesha lokulandelela okwenziwa efama.
Sele kunjalo, uMmbengwa uxhalabe kakhulu ngendlela urhulumente ngoku axhasa ngayo amafama asakhasayo; eyindlela, akholelwa ukuba, idlelelela kakhulu kunokuba iphakamisa umgangatho.
“Ngaphandle kweziseko zophuhliso ezigqwesileyo ezolimo nezemfuyo ziba ngamampunge. Xa kujongwe kwindlela icandelo lezolimo nezemfuyo eziphuhle ngayo, kucacile kuncwadi ukuba urhulumente wayexhasa iziseko zophuhliso eziphakamisa iziseko zophuhliso zomxokelelwano wamashishini amancinane naphakathi.
“Ngokunxamnye nenkqubo yenkxaso yangoku, inkxaso ekujoliswe kuyo kufuneka lube kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuveliswa kweempahla kunokuba sekuveliseni. Ukusilela okuninzi kwamashishini ezolimo nezemfuyo asakhasayo kususela kunqongophalo okanye kwimalike engaphangalalanga, kwiinkcukacha zemalike nakwiinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano.”
UMmbengwa ukholelwa ukuba kukuqhwayela emva ukuba urhulumente axhase ugxininiso kwimveliso nasekuxhobiseni ngamava, kodwa asilele ukusombulula amacandelo ajongene namanqanaba akhokelela ekuvelisweni kwesiveliso esipheleleyo okunjengokupakishwa kweempahla, iziseko zophuhliso, ezamalungiselelo, ezothutho, iinkcukacha ngezemalike, uphando kunye nophuhliso.
Ukwamkela ngezandla ezishushu esikuphathelwa likamva
Xa ejonge kwikamva lokusebenza kwefama yakhe, usahleli enethemba ngaphandle kwemingeni ethile, kuqukwa ubusela, ukufumana umbane namanzi. Ngoku, baqeshe abantu abangama20, kodwa ikhona indawo yokongeza abanye.
“Besizama ukubeka iziseko ezingaphezulu zamanqanaba. Sinovakalelo lokuba ifama inako ukwamkela abantu abatsha abasuka kwiiyunivesithi nakwiikholeji abanqwenela ukwenza uqeqesho ngamava omsebenzi (experiential training), uqhelanisomsebenzi (learnership) nokukhuliswa kweembono zoshishino (incubation).
“Ngaphandle kokuyenzela umthwalo ifama, sicinga ukuba elo linge linokwandisa amathuba engqesho ethutyana kubantu abamalunga nama50 ingakumbi ngexesha lesizini.”
Ukuphumeza eli phupha, uMmbengwa unethemba lokusebenzisana namaqumrhu alawulwa ngurhulumente anika iinkonzo zezakhono zoqeqesho. Ngenxa yokuFika kweNguqu yeSine yezamaShishini (iFourth Industrial Revolution), kukho iindlela ngeendlela ezininzi olunokuthi ulutsha luthathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwezolimo nezemfuyo zesigaba sezoshishino, ucinga ngolo hlobo.
“Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kobuxhakaxhaka bekhompyutha kwezentengiso, abantu abatsha banako ukwenza ingeniso ekwenziweni kwewebhusayithi yamafama, ekubekeni iliso kwiiwebhusayithi, ekwenzeni iiephu zabo banako ukuba ngabaxhasi bakho (lead marketing).
“Abantu abatsha abaxhotyiswe ngamava kakuhle bangalufumana ushishino olusakhasayo losetyenziso lweziveliso zolimo nezemfuyo (smallholder agro-processing entrepreneurship) lunengeniso noqoqosho. Nangoku sele bekhona abantu abatsha abatsalekele kushishino lwezemveliso, oko kuthetha ukuba babona uveliso lwentsusa njengolusebenza nzima, olunengeniso encinane, kunye nolungumngcipheko.”
- UMmbengwa uneminyaka yamava engaphezu kwengama20 kwi-ikhonometriksi, kuphuhliso lwezophando, nasekuququzeleni. Wafumana iPhD yakhe, iMSc Agric kunye neeMastazi kwisidanga esimalunga nophuhliso kwiYunivesithi yaseFreyistati. Ukwangunondyebo weAssociation of China-Africa Smallholder Agriculture.
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