Ingaba ungumfama osakhulayo okhangela indlela zokuzisa ingeniso ezinzileyo? Iinkuku zingayeyona ndlela ilungileyo kuwe. Iinkuku aziphelelanga ekubeni zibe zizilwanyana ezinemisebenzi emininzi, ukuba nguvimba omkhulu wamaqanda, inyama, kunye nefethelayiza, yaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza zikwanika ingeniso ngokukhawuleza.
Elo ingalixesha elihle kakhulu lokungena kweli shishini: ngo2020 kwakhona kubekho ukuqaliswa kwesicwangciso sobuchule secandelo leenkuku ukulungiselela ilizwe, esasibhengezwe lisebe lorhwebo noshishino. Esi sicwangciso sinenjongo yokukhuthaza imfuno yangaphakathi elizweni, ukukhulisa ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle nokukhuselwa kweshishini leenkuku langaphakathi.
Ezi nyaniso zingonela ukukwenza ukuba ukholelwe ukuba ekugqibeleni ungene uqalise ngokufuya iinkuku. Ukuba kunjalo, usethamsanqeni, kuba siqulunqe uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka ukuba uzazi ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa ifama yeenkuku yakho kulo nyaka.
Eli nqaku lisisishunqulelo sesikhokelo sethu, iFarmer’s Inside Track guide “Indlela yokuqalisa ifama yeenkuku”, onako ukusikhuphela kwikhompyutha simahla.
Libonisa iilinki ezikusa koovimba bophando abasekhompyutheni abaluncedo ukulungiselela abo banokuba ngamafama eenkuku. Likwaqulethe ulwazi oluninzi olumalunga nesihloko ngasinye esikweli nqaku.
1. Indlela yokuqalisa
Ukuba ungumvelisi omncinane onomdla ekuqaliseni ishishini lakho lokufuya iinkuku ofuna ukusebenza kulo. Oku kuya kucacisa ukuba wenza njani ukuseka ishishini nokwenza imali.
Zimbini iindlela zokungena kwishishini leenkuku: Enye kukuqandusela nokuthengisa amantshontsho anosuku kubavelisi abakhulu, eyesibini kukuthenga amantshontsho anosuku uwakhulise, uthengise amaqanda wawo okanye iinkuku njengeenkuku ezikhule ngokupheleleyo.
2. Fumana imalike yeziveliso zakho
“Icebiso lokuqala endinokulinika umntu osaqalisayo ingakukuqinisekisa ukuba banemalike (yeenkuku okanye yamaqanda),” utsho uMasimbonge Vuma, umnini weIndyebo-Agricultural Co-operative. “Phambi kokukhathazeka ngodidi oza kulufuya, izixhobo zesakhiwo, nexabiso lemali abalifunayo, kufuneka kubekho imalike.”
Nkqu nokuba awazi nto ngeenkqubo zophando zemalike esesikweni, unokwenza uphando lwakho ngokuzimisela ukufunda ngaphezulu malunga nabantu abanokuba ngabathengi kunye namajelo okusasazwa kweziveliso.
Funda ngokuthe kratya: Indlela yokuqalisa ishishini lokuba ngumfama lakho
3. Ziinkuku zamaqanda okanye iinkuku zenyama?
“Ufuyo lweenkuku lishishini elibanzi, ke umntu kufuneka enze isigqibo sokuba ingaba ufuna ukufuya iinkuku zenyama (uveliso lwenyama) okanye ezibeka amaqanda (uveliso lwamaqanda),” utsho uVuma. “Okanye zombini ukuba banazo ngokwaneleyo izixhobo.”
“Kubalulekile ukukhetha ufuyo lweenkuku oluchanekileyo ukulungiselela imalike oyiqwalaseleyo,” utsho uManyano Rasmeni, umnini weRasmesni’s farming. “Kukho iinkuku zokubeka amaqanda kubekho neenkuku zenyama, zenyama nenyama ngokulandelelanayo.”
Isikhokelo soMzila ongaPhakathi woMfama esithi “Indlela yokuqalisa ifama yeenkukhu” sinika iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu ngendlela emawukhethe ngayo phakathi “kokuvelisa iinkuku namaqanda” kunye “neenkuku zokuvelisa inyama”, kwakunye nesishwankathelo seendidi ezizezona zikudidi oluphezulu zokufuywa ezinokuqwalaselwa. Yikhuphele kwikhompyutha apha.
4. Ukwakha indlu yeenkuku
Indlu yeenkuku esemgangathweni kufuneka inike iinkuku zakho indawo ekhululekileyo nesempilweni ekhuselekileyo necocekileyo yaye ibe nesithuba esivuleke ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela zonke iinkuku. Indlu yeenkuku kufuneka kananjalo ibe neendawo zokungenisa umoya kakuhle ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezifo phakathi kweenkuku zakho.
Nantoni na ephazamisana nokukhululeka kweenkuku kwindlu yeenkuku iya kuchaphazela ngamandla indlela yokutya kwazo ukutya nanto ke leyo ngokulandelelanayo echaphazela ukuveliswa kwamaqanda nokutyeba ngokwasemzimbeni kwiinkuku ezikhuliselwe inyama.
5. Ukutya kweenkukhu
“Ukutya kweenkuku sesinye sezizathu wonke amafama eenkuku akhalaza ngaso,” utsho uRasmeni. “Kuba ukutya kweenkuku kuthatha malunga nama60 ukuya kuma70% eendleko zokusebenza zakho.”
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngokucutha ukutya kweenkuku yeyona ndlela unokuyikhetha ilunge kakhulu ukwandisa inzuzo. URasmeni ukucebisa ukuba uthenge ngqo kubathengisi nakubenzi beziveliso ukuthintela unyuso lwamaxabiso olwenziwa ziiarhente.
Xa wenza isigqibo ngenani lamantshontsho ofuna ukuqalisa ngawo, qiniseka ukuba uyawazi ukuba ayimalini na nohlobo lokutya okufunekayo kuwo.
6. Izixhobo zokusebenza
“Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba kukho izinto zokugalela ukutya nezokugalela amanzi kwindlu yeenkuku,” utsho uVuma. “Efama siyaqiniseka ukuba kukho izinto zokutyela nezinto zokusela ezili12 kwisixhobo esimilise okwengono ezisela kuso, nama45 eenkuku kwipani elikhulu elivulekileyo lokuzipha ukutya.
Malunga nendawo yokulala ungasebenzisa iimbuphu zamaplanga, isodasti okanye iindiza ezinqunqiweyo.
Ukuba ufuna iingcebiso ezingaphezulu malunga nokwakha indlu yeenkuku, kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko ozifunayo, klikha apha ukufumana isikhokelo sethu iFarmer’s Inside Track guide “How to start a chicken farm”.
7. Ukulawulwa kwezifo
Ukulawula izifo ngumngeni omkhulu kumafama amancinane, kuba kukhokelela ekubeni iinkuku ezifuyiweyo zingaqhubi kakuhle, okuye kuthi ekugqibeleni kunyuse iindleko yaye kuchaphazele kakubi ingeniso yakho.
Iintaka ezigulayo okanye ezisachacha kwisifo ngokubanzi zitya kancinane zivelise inyama okanye amaqanda kancinane. Ezinye izifo zinganyangeka, nto leyo yongezelela kwiindleko zokuvelisa, kodwa kwiimeko ezingaxhaphakanga, kusenokunyanzeleka ukuba umhlambi weenkuku mawuxhelwe ukutshabalalisa nya isifo. Amantshontsho afileyo kufuneka asuswe agrunjelwe umngxuma angcwatywe kuwo emhlabeni. Amantshontsho agulayo nabuthathaka kufuneka agcinwe ngokuzimeleyo anikwe unakekelo olukhethekileyo.
“Kungcono ukuthintela kunokunyanga,” utsho uRasmeni. “Amantshontsho anamanqanaba ahlukeneyo apho kufuneka ukuba uwanike izigonyo ukuwakhusela kwiintsholongwane nakwizifo.”
8. Indlela yokuthengisa iinkuku zakho namaqanda
“Esi sesona sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu xa sele ugqibile ukukhulisa iinkuku zenyama zakho,” utsho uVuma. “Xa ilixesha lokuzithengisa iya kuya kubizwa ixabiso lenkuku ehleliyo nganye okanye kubizwe ixabiso ngokobunzima bomlinganiselo wesikali.”
Ukuba uzithengisa ngokusebenzisa umntu uya kulahlekelwa yinzuzo ethile. Ngaphaya koko kuya kunyanzeleka to dress, uyiqangqulule inkuku wena ubuqu ukuba akuyithengeseli unoslarha ukwenzela ukuba ayisebenze ngokwakhe.
“Oku kuthatha ixesha elide, kodwa kunexabiso,” utsho uVuma.
Kwakhona funda apha: Indlela yokuqalisa umsebenzi wokuba ngumfama ngamanyathelo ali10 alula
- Eli nqaku yinguqulelo efinyeziweyo yesikhokelo sethu iFarmer’s Inside Track guide “Indlela yokuqala ifama yeenkuku”, onako ukuba ungayikhuphela kwikhompyutha apha simahla. Libonisa iilinki kwizixhobo ezikwikhompyutha ezifumaneka lula zabo banokuba ngamafama eenkuku. Likwaqulethe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu ngesihloko ngasinye esikweli nqaku.
